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In Silico:
Activity Assay:Article Title: Potential of microbial-derived biosurfactants for oral applications–a systematic review
Article Snippet: Bucci A.R. et al. [ ] (2018) , Surfactin , Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25,175), Streptococcus mitis (ATCC 49,456), Streptococcus salivarius (ATCC 13,419), Porphyromonas gingivalis (ATCC 33,277), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27,853), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25,923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25,922), Candida albicans (ATCC 10,231) , Terpinen-4-ol (TP) Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) (all of which with purity above 95% (from Sigma-Aldrich, Brazil)) , 1. Disk diffusion assay 2. Minimum inhibitory concentration 3. Determination of combination index (CI) for micellar solutions 4. Adhesion on test tubes , 1. Inhibition was observed when surfactin was mixed with TP against S. aureus, P. gingivalis , and E. coli , while no inhibition was detected for surfactin against all microorganisms. 2. MIC of surfactin ranged from 22 μg/mL to 700 μg/mL, with no inhibition for P.gingivalis . 3. Combination index for surfactin and TP were synergism for S. mutans and P.gingivalis , slight synergism for C. albicans and E. coli , additive for S. aureus , and antagonism for P. aeruginosa , S. salivarius , and S. mitis . 4. The micellar solution of surfactin and TP showed very high enhancement in antiadhesion activity for two oral pathogens ( C. albicans and P. gingivalis ).. .. Ciandrini E. et al. [ ] (2016) , Biosurfactant from Lactobacillus , Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25,175 and Streptococcus oralis ATCC 9811 , 1% SDS (common chemical surfactant) , 1. Biosurfactants preparation and assessment of the antimicrobial activity by time-killing studies 2. Dialysis of biosurfactants 3. Characterization of dialyzed biosurfactant surface properties 4. Biofilm formation 5. Anti-biofilm effect of dialyzed biosurfactants , 1. Biosurfactants from L. reuteri DSM 17,938, L. acidophilus DDS-1, L. paracasei B21060, and L. rhamnosus ATCC 53,103 showed the greatest antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and S. oralis . They were selected for further studies, and their excreted biosurfactants were purified through dialysis. 2. Biosurfactants excreted by L. reuteri DSM 17,938, L. acidophilus DDS-1, L. rhamnosus ATCC 53,103, and L. paracasei B21060 strains were dialyzed using 1a and 6 kDa methods. 3. A reduction of the interfacial tension from 47.92 to 34.81 mN/m was observed compared to MRS broth’s surface tension (53.0 mN/m). The highest emulsifying activity was obtained from the dialyzed 6 kDa biosurfactant of L. paracasei B21060 (61.11%). 4. All 1 and 6 kDa dialyzed BSFs effectively inhibited S. mutans ATCC 25,175 and S. oralis ATCC 9811 biofilm growth. Biomass analysis highlighted the dose-dependent effect of all the dialyzed biosurfactants (1 and 6 kDa), particularly remarkable in the case of biofilm formation inhibition of S. oralis ATCC 9811. 5. The 6 kDa dialyzed BSFs possess antibiofilm activity against S. mutans ATCC 25,175 and S. oralis ATCC 9811 with optical density of 0.329 (± 0.026) for BSF of L. reuteri DSM 17,938, 0.280 (± 0.009) for L. acidophilus DDS-1, 0.356 (± 0.025) for L. rhamnosus ATCC 53,103, and 0.261 (± 0.012) for L. paracasei B21060.. .. Farias J.M. et al. [ ] (2019) , Biosurfactant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PB), Bacillus cereus (BB), Candida bombicola (CB) , C. albicans ATCC 1106 S. aureus ATCC 15,656 E. coli ATCC 25,922 L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 S. salivarius ATCC 25,975 S. mutans ATCC 25,175 , Chitosan (extracted from the cell wall of Mucor javanicus (UCP 69)), Peppermint essential oil (POE) , 1. Characterization of biosurfactants 2. Formulation of mouthwash 3. Determination of antimicrobial activity 4. Analysis of fraction inhibitory concentration 5. Evaluation of toxicity of formulated mouthwashes , 1. The biosurfactants obtained from C. bombicola , B. cereus , and P. aeruginosa (respectively designated as CB, BB, and PB) were capable of reducing the surface tension of water from 70 mN/m to 30, 29, and 26.5 mN/m, respectively. 2. The formulation consists of biosurfactant, peppermint essential oil, and chitosan solution (diluted in 1% acetic acid), the solid components (sodium benzoate and sodium saccharine) in a fine powder, followed by distilled water to complete 100 mL. The pH of the formulation was adjusted to 7.0 with NaOH 1 N. 3. The biosurfactant PB was the most effective against S. aureus , E. coli , and S. salivarius (MIC: 20 μg/mL), while PB and CB had similar effects on S. mutans (MIC: 20 μg/mL). All biosurfactants exhibited uniform effects on C. albicans and L. acidophilus (MIC: 40 μg/mL). Combining biosurfactants with chitosan reduced MIC for all microorganisms. When combined with peppermint essential oils, the MIC for C. albicans either increased (CB + POE and BB + POE: 30 μg/mL) or remained the same (PB + POE: 20 μg/mL). The low MIC combination for L. acidophilus (20 μg/mL) was peppermint essential oil with PB. For S. mutans , only CB + POE maintained the biosurfactant’s MIC, with reductions observed in all other combinations. 4. The combinations of the CB and PB with chitosan demonstrated an additive effect on the majority of microorganisms tested and an indifferent effect on E. coli and C. albicans . The combinations of CB and BB with the peppermint essential oil exhibited an additive effect only on the gram-negative bacterium E. coli and an indifferent effect on the other microorganisms tested. 5. The results demonstrate that the test mouthwashes were classified as non-toxic to the fibroblast line, with cell inhibition rates lower than 20%. However, the mouthwash containing the biosurfactant extracted from C. bombicola + peppermint essential oil + chitosan exhibited moderate toxicity to the macrophage line (66% inhibition)..
Purification:Article Title: Potential of microbial-derived biosurfactants for oral applications–a systematic review
Article Snippet: Bucci A.R. et al. [ ] (2018) , Surfactin , Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25,175), Streptococcus mitis (ATCC 49,456), Streptococcus salivarius (ATCC 13,419), Porphyromonas gingivalis (ATCC 33,277), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27,853), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25,923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25,922), Candida albicans (ATCC 10,231) , Terpinen-4-ol (TP) Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) (all of which with purity above 95% (from Sigma-Aldrich, Brazil)) , 1. Disk diffusion assay 2. Minimum inhibitory concentration 3. Determination of combination index (CI) for micellar solutions 4. Adhesion on test tubes , 1. Inhibition was observed when surfactin was mixed with TP against S. aureus, P. gingivalis , and E. coli , while no inhibition was detected for surfactin against all microorganisms. 2. MIC of surfactin ranged from 22 μg/mL to 700 μg/mL, with no inhibition for P.gingivalis . 3. Combination index for surfactin and TP were synergism for S. mutans and P.gingivalis , slight synergism for C. albicans and E. coli , additive for S. aureus , and antagonism for P. aeruginosa , S. salivarius , and S. mitis . 4. The micellar solution of surfactin and TP showed very high enhancement in antiadhesion activity for two oral pathogens ( C. albicans and P. gingivalis ).. .. Ciandrini E. et al. [ ] (2016) , Biosurfactant from Lactobacillus , Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25,175 and Streptococcus oralis ATCC 9811 , 1% SDS (common chemical surfactant) , 1. Biosurfactants preparation and assessment of the antimicrobial activity by time-killing studies 2. Dialysis of biosurfactants 3. Characterization of dialyzed biosurfactant surface properties 4. Biofilm formation 5. Anti-biofilm effect of dialyzed biosurfactants , 1. Biosurfactants from L. reuteri DSM 17,938, L. acidophilus DDS-1, L. paracasei B21060, and L. rhamnosus ATCC 53,103 showed the greatest antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and S. oralis . They were selected for further studies, and their excreted biosurfactants were purified through dialysis. 2. Biosurfactants excreted by L. reuteri DSM 17,938, L. acidophilus DDS-1, L. rhamnosus ATCC 53,103, and L. paracasei B21060 strains were dialyzed using 1a and 6 kDa methods. 3. A reduction of the interfacial tension from 47.92 to 34.81 mN/m was observed compared to MRS broth’s surface tension (53.0 mN/m). The highest emulsifying activity was obtained from the dialyzed 6 kDa biosurfactant of L. paracasei B21060 (61.11%). 4. All 1 and 6 kDa dialyzed BSFs effectively inhibited S. mutans ATCC 25,175 and S. oralis ATCC 9811 biofilm growth. Biomass analysis highlighted the dose-dependent effect of all the dialyzed biosurfactants (1 and 6 kDa), particularly remarkable in the case of biofilm formation inhibition of S. oralis ATCC 9811. 5. The 6 kDa dialyzed BSFs possess antibiofilm activity against S. mutans ATCC 25,175 and S. oralis ATCC 9811 with optical density of 0.329 (± 0.026) for BSF of L. reuteri DSM 17,938, 0.280 (± 0.009) for L. acidophilus DDS-1, 0.356 (± 0.025) for L. rhamnosus ATCC 53,103, and 0.261 (± 0.012) for L. paracasei B21060.. .. Farias J.M. et al. [ ] (2019) , Biosurfactant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PB), Bacillus cereus (BB), Candida bombicola (CB) , C. albicans ATCC 1106 S. aureus ATCC 15,656 E. coli ATCC 25,922 L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 S. salivarius ATCC 25,975 S. mutans ATCC 25,175 , Chitosan (extracted from the cell wall of Mucor javanicus (UCP 69)), Peppermint essential oil (POE) , 1. Characterization of biosurfactants 2. Formulation of mouthwash 3. Determination of antimicrobial activity 4. Analysis of fraction inhibitory concentration 5. Evaluation of toxicity of formulated mouthwashes , 1. The biosurfactants obtained from C. bombicola , B. cereus , and P. aeruginosa (respectively designated as CB, BB, and PB) were capable of reducing the surface tension of water from 70 mN/m to 30, 29, and 26.5 mN/m, respectively. 2. The formulation consists of biosurfactant, peppermint essential oil, and chitosan solution (diluted in 1% acetic acid), the solid components (sodium benzoate and sodium saccharine) in a fine powder, followed by distilled water to complete 100 mL. The pH of the formulation was adjusted to 7.0 with NaOH 1 N. 3. The biosurfactant PB was the most effective against S. aureus , E. coli , and S. salivarius (MIC: 20 μg/mL), while PB and CB had similar effects on S. mutans (MIC: 20 μg/mL). All biosurfactants exhibited uniform effects on C. albicans and L. acidophilus (MIC: 40 μg/mL). Combining biosurfactants with chitosan reduced MIC for all microorganisms. When combined with peppermint essential oils, the MIC for C. albicans either increased (CB + POE and BB + POE: 30 μg/mL) or remained the same (PB + POE: 20 μg/mL). The low MIC combination for L. acidophilus (20 μg/mL) was peppermint essential oil with PB. For S. mutans , only CB + POE maintained the biosurfactant’s MIC, with reductions observed in all other combinations. 4. The combinations of the CB and PB with chitosan demonstrated an additive effect on the majority of microorganisms tested and an indifferent effect on E. coli and C. albicans . The combinations of CB and BB with the peppermint essential oil exhibited an additive effect only on the gram-negative bacterium E. coli and an indifferent effect on the other microorganisms tested. 5. The results demonstrate that the test mouthwashes were classified as non-toxic to the fibroblast line, with cell inhibition rates lower than 20%. However, the mouthwash containing the biosurfactant extracted from C. bombicola + peppermint essential oil + chitosan exhibited moderate toxicity to the macrophage line (66% inhibition)..
Inhibition:Article Title: Potential of microbial-derived biosurfactants for oral applications–a systematic review
Article Snippet: Bucci A.R. et al. [ ] (2018) , Surfactin , Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25,175), Streptococcus mitis (ATCC 49,456), Streptococcus salivarius (ATCC 13,419), Porphyromonas gingivalis (ATCC 33,277), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27,853), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25,923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25,922), Candida albicans (ATCC 10,231) , Terpinen-4-ol (TP) Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) (all of which with purity above 95% (from Sigma-Aldrich, Brazil)) , 1. Disk diffusion assay 2. Minimum inhibitory concentration 3. Determination of combination index (CI) for micellar solutions 4. Adhesion on test tubes , 1. Inhibition was observed when surfactin was mixed with TP against S. aureus, P. gingivalis , and E. coli , while no inhibition was detected for surfactin against all microorganisms. 2. MIC of surfactin ranged from 22 μg/mL to 700 μg/mL, with no inhibition for P.gingivalis . 3. Combination index for surfactin and TP were synergism for S. mutans and P.gingivalis , slight synergism for C. albicans and E. coli , additive for S. aureus , and antagonism for P. aeruginosa , S. salivarius , and S. mitis . 4. The micellar solution of surfactin and TP showed very high enhancement in antiadhesion activity for two oral pathogens ( C. albicans and P. gingivalis ).. .. Ciandrini E. et al. [ ] (2016) , Biosurfactant from Lactobacillus , Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25,175 and Streptococcus oralis ATCC 9811 , 1% SDS (common chemical surfactant) , 1. Biosurfactants preparation and assessment of the antimicrobial activity by time-killing studies 2. Dialysis of biosurfactants 3. Characterization of dialyzed biosurfactant surface properties 4. Biofilm formation 5. Anti-biofilm effect of dialyzed biosurfactants , 1. Biosurfactants from L. reuteri DSM 17,938, L. acidophilus DDS-1, L. paracasei B21060, and L. rhamnosus ATCC 53,103 showed the greatest antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and S. oralis . They were selected for further studies, and their excreted biosurfactants were purified through dialysis. 2. Biosurfactants excreted by L. reuteri DSM 17,938, L. acidophilus DDS-1, L. rhamnosus ATCC 53,103, and L. paracasei B21060 strains were dialyzed using 1a and 6 kDa methods. 3. A reduction of the interfacial tension from 47.92 to 34.81 mN/m was observed compared to MRS broth’s surface tension (53.0 mN/m). The highest emulsifying activity was obtained from the dialyzed 6 kDa biosurfactant of L. paracasei B21060 (61.11%). 4. All 1 and 6 kDa dialyzed BSFs effectively inhibited S. mutans ATCC 25,175 and S. oralis ATCC 9811 biofilm growth. Biomass analysis highlighted the dose-dependent effect of all the dialyzed biosurfactants (1 and 6 kDa), particularly remarkable in the case of biofilm formation inhibition of S. oralis ATCC 9811. 5. The 6 kDa dialyzed BSFs possess antibiofilm activity against S. mutans ATCC 25,175 and S. oralis ATCC 9811 with optical density of 0.329 (± 0.026) for BSF of L. reuteri DSM 17,938, 0.280 (± 0.009) for L. acidophilus DDS-1, 0.356 (± 0.025) for L. rhamnosus ATCC 53,103, and 0.261 (± 0.012) for L. paracasei B21060.. .. Farias J.M. et al. [ ] (2019) , Biosurfactant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PB), Bacillus cereus (BB), Candida bombicola (CB) , C. albicans ATCC 1106 S. aureus ATCC 15,656 E. coli ATCC 25,922 L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 S. salivarius ATCC 25,975 S. mutans ATCC 25,175 , Chitosan (extracted from the cell wall of Mucor javanicus (UCP 69)), Peppermint essential oil (POE) , 1. Characterization of biosurfactants 2. Formulation of mouthwash 3. Determination of antimicrobial activity 4. Analysis of fraction inhibitory concentration 5. Evaluation of toxicity of formulated mouthwashes , 1. The biosurfactants obtained from C. bombicola , B. cereus , and P. aeruginosa (respectively designated as CB, BB, and PB) were capable of reducing the surface tension of water from 70 mN/m to 30, 29, and 26.5 mN/m, respectively. 2. The formulation consists of biosurfactant, peppermint essential oil, and chitosan solution (diluted in 1% acetic acid), the solid components (sodium benzoate and sodium saccharine) in a fine powder, followed by distilled water to complete 100 mL. The pH of the formulation was adjusted to 7.0 with NaOH 1 N. 3. The biosurfactant PB was the most effective against S. aureus , E. coli , and S. salivarius (MIC: 20 μg/mL), while PB and CB had similar effects on S. mutans (MIC: 20 μg/mL). All biosurfactants exhibited uniform effects on C. albicans and L. acidophilus (MIC: 40 μg/mL). Combining biosurfactants with chitosan reduced MIC for all microorganisms. When combined with peppermint essential oils, the MIC for C. albicans either increased (CB + POE and BB + POE: 30 μg/mL) or remained the same (PB + POE: 20 μg/mL). The low MIC combination for L. acidophilus (20 μg/mL) was peppermint essential oil with PB. For S. mutans , only CB + POE maintained the biosurfactant’s MIC, with reductions observed in all other combinations. 4. The combinations of the CB and PB with chitosan demonstrated an additive effect on the majority of microorganisms tested and an indifferent effect on E. coli and C. albicans . The combinations of CB and BB with the peppermint essential oil exhibited an additive effect only on the gram-negative bacterium E. coli and an indifferent effect on the other microorganisms tested. 5. The results demonstrate that the test mouthwashes were classified as non-toxic to the fibroblast line, with cell inhibition rates lower than 20%. However, the mouthwash containing the biosurfactant extracted from C. bombicola + peppermint essential oil + chitosan exhibited moderate toxicity to the macrophage line (66% inhibition)..
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